ERP

What is ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)?

ERP stands for “Enterprise Resource Planning,” which refers to the management and planning of essential business resources such as people, goods, and money. It involves creating strategies based on business goals and allocating resources efficiently.

Systems designed to support and streamline these business strategies are also called ERP systems,

Database

A structured collection of data.

DBMS

Software that manages and operates the database.

Core ERP

SAP S/4HANA Cloud

Enterprise-grade ERP for finance, logistics, and manufacturing.

Oracle ERP Cloud

Cloud ERP specializing in finance, procurement, and operations.

Microsoft Dynamics 365 Finance

Financial management and enterprise automation platform.

Infor CloudSuite

ERP optimized for manufacturing and distribution industries.

Workday Financial Management

Cloud-native financial and business planning system.

CRM

Salesforce

World-leading CRM platform for sales, service, and marketing.

HubSpot CRM

Free CRM with marketing and sales automation tools.

Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales

Sales automation and customer engagement platform.

Zoho CRM

Affordable CRM with workflow automation and analytics.

Freshsales

CRM focused on AI-driven sales automation.

SFA

Salesforce Sales Cloud

Sales automation platform with forecasting and pipeline tools.

Senses

Japanese SFA platform for sales process optimization.

eSales Manager

Japan’s leading SFA for sales activity tracking.

Marketo

Enterprise marketing automation for lead management.

HubSpot Marketing Hub

Inbound marketing automation with CRM integration.

Salesforce Marketing Cloud

Omnichannel marketing automation and personalization.

Adobe Campaign

Cross-channel campaign management platform.

SCM

SAP IBP

Integrated business planning for supply chains.

Oracle SCM Cloud

Cloud SCM for logistics, procurement, and planning.

Kinaxis RapidResponse

Real-time supply chain planning and simulation.

Blue Yonder SCM

AI-driven supply chain optimization.

WMS

Manhattan WMS

Leading warehouse management system for logistics.

Blue Yonder WMS

AI-enabled warehouse operations management.

SAP EWM

Extended warehouse management integrated with SAP ERP.

Oracle WMS Cloud

Cloud-based warehouse management solution.

MES / PLM

Siemens Teamcenter

PLM platform for product lifecycle management.

PTC Windchill

PLM system for engineering and manufacturing.

Dassault 3DEXPERIENCE

Unified PLM and collaboration platform.

SAP MES

Manufacturing execution integrated with SAP ERP.

Oracle MES

Cloud MES for production operations.

HR / HCM

Workday HCM

Leading cloud HCM for HR, payroll, and talent.

SAP SuccessFactors

Cloud HCM suite for HR and talent management.

Oracle HCM Cloud

Comprehensive HR and workforce management.

Microsoft Dynamics 365 HR

HR automation and employee management.

SmartHR

Japanese cloud HR platform for payroll and HR.

BI / Analytics

Power BI

Business intelligence and data visualization.

Tableau

Advanced data visualization and analytics.

Looker

Cloud BI platform by Google.

Qlik Sense

Self-service BI with associative analytics.

Accounting / Finance

SAP S/4HANA Finance

Enterprise financial management suite.

Oracle NetSuite

Cloud ERP for finance and business operations.

freee

Japanese cloud accounting platform.

Money Forward Cloud

Cloud accounting and finance management.

SaaS, PaaS, IaaS and On-Premises

Core ERP	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Oracle ERP Cloud Microsoft Dynamics 365 Finance Infor CloudSuite Workday Financial Management
CRM	Salesforce HubSpot CRM Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales Zoho CRM Freshsales
SFA (Sales Support)	Salesforce Sales Cloud Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales Senses (Japan) eSales Manager (Japan)
Marketing Automation (MA)	Marketo HubSpot Marketing Hub Salesforce Marketing Cloud / Pardot Adobe Campaign
SCM (Supply Chain)	SAP IBP Oracle SCM Cloud Kinaxis RapidResponse Blue Yonder SCM
WMS (Warehouse Management)	Manhattan WMS Blue Yonder WMS SAP EWM Oracle WMS Cloud
Manufacturing (MES / PLM)	Siemens Teamcenter (PLM) PTC Windchill (PLM) Dassault 3DEXPERIENCE (PLM) SAP MES Oracle MES
HR / HCM	Workday HCM SAP SuccessFactors Oracle HCM Cloud Microsoft Dynamics 365 HR SmartHR (Japan)
BI / Analytics	Microsoft Power BI Tableau Looker Qlik Sense
Accounting / Finance	SAP S/4HANA Finance Oracle NetSuite freee (Japan) Money Forward Cloud (Japan)

Application -- What you manage??

SaaS, PaaS, IaaS and On-Premises

Model	What you manage	What the provider manages	Typical example
On-Premises	Servers, storage, network, OS, middleware, runtime, data, applications (everything is in your own data center)	Nothing – you buy, install, operate and maintain all infrastructure and software	Company-owned servers running ERP, DB, in-house apps
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)	OS, middleware, runtime, data, applications (you design and operate the system on virtual machines)	Physical servers, storage, network, virtualization layer	Virtual machines on AWS, Azure, GCP
PaaS (Platform as a Service)	Data, applications (you focus on code and configuration)	Servers, OS, runtime, databases, scaling, security updates	Heroku, Azure App Service, Firebase, managed DBs
SaaS (Software as a Service)	Usage settings, user accounts, data inside the app	All infrastructure, platform, and application itself	Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, Salesforce, Slack

SaaS / PaaS / IaaS / On-Premises Responsibility Table

On-Premises	IaaS	PaaS	SaaS
Applications	Applications	Applications	Applications
Data	Data	Data	Data
Runtime	Runtime	Runtime	Runtime
Middleware	Middleware	Middleware	Middleware
Operating System	Operating System	Operating System	Operating System
Virtualization	Virtualization	Virtualization	Virtualization
Servers	Servers	Servers	Servers
Storage	Storage	Storage	Storage
Networking	Networking	Networking	Networking

Database and Excel

Item	Database	Excel
Data Volume Management	Capable of handling large amounts of data	Performance slows down as data increases
Simultaneous Editing	Strong support for multi-user simultaneous access	Limited simultaneous editing capabilities
Data Integrity	Automatically prevents duplication and inconsistencies	Requires manual management
Security	Supports access control and permissions	Limited control

Database

Consistency,Integrity,Availability

Normalization

Database

A structured collection of data.

DBMS

Software that manages and operates the database.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed to streamline operations such as creating, searching, updating, and deleting data within a database. In English, it is written as “DataBase Management System”, and it serves as the core component of database management.

A DBMS allows users to interact with data safely and efficiently without directly manipulating the raw data. It also provides strong capabilities for security, concurrency control, and high‑speed processing.

Consistency

Consistency ensures that data remains valid and follows all defined rules and constraints after any transaction. The database never enters an invalid state.

Integrity

Integrity ensures that data is accurate, complete, and protected from corruption or unauthorized modification. Relationships such as primary keys and foreign keys maintain reliable data structure.

Availability

Availability ensures that data is accessible whenever needed. Redundant systems and failover mechanisms allow continuous operation even if one server fails.

Normalization

Normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and prevent inconsistencies. Large tables are divided into smaller related tables using keys.